نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد

2 استادیار گروه مکانیک ماشین های کشاورزی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان

3 دانشیار گروه مهندسی کنترل دانشکده برق و کامپیوتر دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان

چکیده

در تسطیح لیزری نقاطی از زمین­های کشاورزی که ارتفاع خاکبرداری در آن­ها زیاد است، معمولا ماشین تسطیح به توانی بیش از توان کشش مالبندی تراکتور نیاز دارد. این امر موجب بیش­باری موتور و لغزش زیاد چرخ­ های محرک تراکتور و در نهایت خاموش شدن تراکتور می­شود.  هدف اصلی در این تحقیق، مجهز کردن ماشین تسطیح لیزری به یک سامانه کنترل خودکار ارتفاع­ کار تیغه به­­ منظور جلوگیری از بیش­باری موتور تراکتور و خاموش شدن آن در حین تسطیح است.  این سامانه که متشکل از یک سیستم کنترلی حلقه بسته است، با دریافت دور موتور تراکتور از طریق مولد برق آن و مقایسه آن با دور بحرانی و مطلوب موتور (که توسط کاربر از طریق صفحه کلید آن به سامانه معرفی می­ گردد)، در شرایط بیش­باری، با ارسال فرمان به جک تنظیم­ کننده ارتفاع­ کار تیغه، ارتفاع خاکبرداری را متناسب با توان تراکتور کنترل می­کند.  برای ثبت و مقایسه دور لحظه­ای موتور با دور بحرانی و دور مطلوب آن از یک میکروکنترلر استفاده شد.  مصرف سوخت و عملکرد مزرعه­ ای ماشین تسطیح لیزری با و بدون سامانه کنترل خودکار، با آزمون تی در 5 تکرار مقایسه شد. نتایج نشان می­دهد که به­کارگیری سامانه ساخته شده می­تواند کار راننده را آسان کند و به­طور معنی­داری  (P<0.05)در کاهش مصرف سوخت و افزایش عملکرد مزرعه­ ای ماشین تسطیح لیزری مؤثر باشد.  با نصب این سامانه، مصرف سوخت و مدت زمان کارکرد به ترتیب نزدیک به 4/18 و 7/19 درصد پایین آمد که از نظر اقتصادی باصرفه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Design, Development and Evaluation of an Automatic Blade Depth Controller System for a Laser-Guided Land-Leveler

چکیده [English]

Excessive cutting depth during leveling of agricultural land increases power needed by the tractor drawbar and will result in undesirable slippage and excessive strain on the tractor engine.  The result of sustained excess will be the break-down of the tractor. An auxiliary blade depth controller to prevent overloading during leveling was designed, fabricated and evaluated in this study. The system consists of a closed loop that obtains the real tractor engine speed using a dynamo and compares the critical and desired speeds of the engine as controlled by the user by means of a manual keyboard. The data is recorded in the main microcontroller memory and displayed online on a LCD. The system governing the blade depth prevents attainment of critical engine speed that will cause overloading. The depth controller system overrides manual control and sends pulses to the solenoid valve to adjust the blade depth cylinder to decrease the depth of excavation until the desired engine speed is attained. After eliminating the risk of overload, the system switches blade command back to the laser control box. The system was evaluated on a laser-guided land leveler on farmland. Fuel consumption and field performance of the machine were determined with and without use of the proposed control system. The test was carried out using a t-test with five replications. The result demonstrated a significant difference at 5% probability for use of the proposed system (p < 0.05). The new system decreased fuel consumption 18.4% and increased field performance 19.7%, which makes it an effective cost-saving measure.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Closed Loop
  • Control System
  • Laser-Guided Land Leveling
  • Overload
Ansaridoost, S. and Mehranzade, M. 2010. Investigation and comparison of effect of laser and conventional levelers on field capacity, fuel consumption and heat yield in Khouzestan province. National Conference of Water, Soil, Plant Science and Agricultural Machinery. March 2-3. Islamic Azad University, Dezful Branch. Dezful. Iran. (in Farsi)
Asif, M., Ahmad, M., Gafoor, A. and Aslam, Z. 2003. Wheat productivity, land and wateruse efficiency by traditional and laser land leveling techniques.  J. Biol. Sci. 3(2): 141-146.
Dehghan, E. and Almasi, M. 2009. Comparison of Some Technical indexes on conventional tillage with reduced tillage methods. J. Crop Prod. Process. 13(47): 679-690. (in Farsi)
Esfandiari, M. 2004. Introduction of laser land leveling technology to Iranian farmers. Proceedings of the First National Conference on Watershed and Soil and Water Manegment. May 9-10. University of Shahid Bahonar. Kermam. Iran. (in Farsi)
Hosseini, S. M., Sheikhdavoodi, M. J. and Alamisaeid, Kh. 2011. The effect of land size and type of tractor on fuel consumption utilizing laser land leveling and traditional methods of farming. 5th Conference on New Idea in Agriculture. Feb. 16-17. Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan. Isfahan. Iran.
(in Farsi)
Jat, M. L., Chandana, P., Sharma, S. K., Gill, M. A. and Gupta, R. K. 2006. Laser Land Leveling: A Precursor Technology for Resource Conservation. Rice–Wheat Consortium Technical Bulletin Series 7.  Rice–Wheat Consortium for the Indo-Gangetic Plains. New Delhi. India.
Jat, M. L., Gathala, M. K., Ladha, J. K., Saharawat, Y. S., Jat, A. S., Kumar, V. I., Sharma, S. K., Kumar, V. and Gupta, R. 2009. Evaluation of precision land leveling and double zero-till systems in the rice–wheat rotation: water use, productivity, profitability and soil physical properties. Soil Till. Res. 105(1): 112–121.
Jonish, J., Bishay, E. and Dregne, H. 1987. Benefits and costs of laser land leveling in Egypt. 2nd International Desert Development Conference. Jan. 25-31. Cairo. Egypt.
Kahlown, M. A., Gill, M. A. and Ashraf, M. 2002. Evaluation of resource conservation technologies in rice–wheat System of Pakistan. Research Report-I. Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR). Islamabad. Pakistan.
Khadem, S. M. R. and Molazehi, S. 2010. Selection, simulation and laboratory scale manufacturing of a leveler-scraper compatible with laser land leveling system. 6th National Conferece on Mechanics of Farm Machinery Engineering and Mechanization. Sep. 15-16. University of Tehran. Iran. (in Farsi)
Khatib, E. and Sherief, S. 2003. Effect of soybean maize intercropping and laser land leveling on water use efficiency, plant growth, yield and total net return. Egypt J. Agric. Res. 81(2): 699-717.
Landon, N. J. 1999. An investigation into the impact and applicability of laser land leveling in Pakistan.
M. Sc. Thesis. University of Southampton. UK.
Mazuchowski, J. Z. and Derpsch, R. 1984. Guide to Preparing the Soil for Mechanized Annual Crops.  ACARPA. Curitipa. Brazil.
Mohtasebi, S. S., Hosseinzadeh, A., Omid, M. and Abolfathi, N. 2007. Design and evaluation of automatic agricultural land leveling control system for scraper. Int. J. Agr. Biol. 9(1): 59-63.
Nazir, M. S. 1994. Crop Production, Crop Water Requirement and Irrigation System. National Book Foundation. Islamabad. Pakistan.
Pal, S. S., Jat, M. L. and Subbarao, V. M. 2004. Mission mode project on NATP. Krishi anusandhan bhawan II. Pusa. Annual Progress Report on Precision Farming under National Agricultural Technology Project Submitted to Project Implementation Unit. New Delhi.
Rickman, J. F. 2002. Manual for Laser Land Leveling. Rice-Wheat Consortium Technical Bulletin Series 5. Rice-Wheat Consortium for the Indo-Gangetic Plains. New Delhi. India.
Walker, W. R. 1989. Guidelines for Designing and Evaluating Surface Irrigation System. FAO. Rome. Italy.
Wentao, R., ZhongFei, H., Hong Guang, C., Chengtong, Y., Yong, L., Yujia, W., Zhangyo, Z. and BaoFa, L. 2003. Effect of laser-controlled land leveling and baby rice seedling direct planting on saving water. Trans. Chines Soc. Agric. Eng. 19(3): 72-75.